15. Wilkens, R.H., “Physical properties of rocks: fundamentals
and principles of Petrophysics,” Eos Transactions American Geophysical Union, Vol. 78, No. 51, 2015.
16. Wyllie, M.R.J., Gregory, A.R., and Gardner, L. W., “Elastic
wave velocities in heterogeneous and porous media,” Geophysics,
Vol. 21, No. 1, January 1956, pp. 41-70.
17. Wyllie, M.R.J., Gregory, A.R., and Gardner, G.H.F., “An
experimental investigation of factors affecting elastic wave velocities in porous media,” Geophysics, Vol. 23, No. 3, July 1958, pp.
459-493.
18. Raymer, L.L., Hunt, E.R., and Gardner, J.S., “An improved
sonic transit time-to-porosity transform,” Society of Petrophysicists
and Well-Log Analysts (SPWLA) 21st Annual Logging Symposium,
July 8-11, 1980, Lafayette, La.
19. Han, D. and Nur, A., and Morgan, D., “Effect of porosity
and clay content on wave velocity in sandstones,” Geophysics, Vol.
51, No. 11, November 1986, pp. 2093-2107.
20. Tosaya, C. and Nur, A., “Effect of diagenesis and clays on
compressional velocities in rocks,” Geophysical Research Letters,
Vol. 9, No. 1, January 1982, pp. 5-8.
21. Liu, B., Kern, H., and Popp, T., “Velocities and attenuation
of p- and s-waves in dry and wet rocks with different porosities
under different confining pressures,” Acta Geophysica Sinica, Vol.
41, No. 4, 1998, pp. 538-544.
22. Shi, G. and Yang, D.Q., “The regression analysis study on
velocity and porosity, and clay content of rocks,” Acta Scientarium
Naturaliam Universitatis Pekinensis, Vol. 37, No. 3, May 2001, pp.
379-384.
23. Biot, M.A., “Theory of deformation of a porous viscoelastic
anisotropic solid,” Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 27, No. 5, May
1956, pp. 459-467.
25. Zhou, Z., Zhu, H., and Chen, W., “Experimental study
on acoustic wave propagation character of water saturated rock
samples,” Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,
Vol. 25, No. 5, May 2006, pp. 911-917.
24. Zhu, H.H., Zhou, Z.G., and Deng, T., “Acoustic parameters
of low-porosity rock under dry and saturated conditions,” Chinese
Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 24, No. 5, May
2005, pp. 823-828.
25. Miller, S.L.M., “Well Log Analysis of Vp and Vs in carbonates,” Consurtium for Research in Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology (CREWES) Research Report, Vol. 4, 1992, pp. 1-12.
26. Zang, J., Lang, J., and Standifird, W., “Stress, porosity, and
failure-dependent compressional and shear velocity ratio and its
application to wellbore stability,” Journal of Petroleum Science and
Engineering, Vol. 69, No. 4, Sept. 1, 2009, pp. 193-202.
27. Schon, J.H., “Physical properties of rocks: Fundamentals
and principles of petrophysics,” Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK,
1996.
the intermediate-basic rock (Fig. 6b). But lithology’s influence decreases wave velocity and reduces the Vp/Vs ratio distinguishing between gas and water zones to 1. 75.
References
1. Faust, L. Y., “A velocity function including lithologic variation,”
Geophysics, Vol. 18, No. 2, April 1953, pp. 271-287.
2. Birch, F., “The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to
10 kb, Part I and II,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 66, No.
7, July 1961, pp. 1083-1102 and pp. 2199-2224.
3. Birch, F., “Compressibility; Elastic Constants,” in “Handbook
of Physical Constants,” Geological Society of America Memoirs No.
97, 1966, pp. 97-174.
4. Shen, L.D., Shi, G., “Effect of lithologic character, petroleum
and effective overburden pressure on compressional wave and
shear wave velocity,” Acta Geophysica Sinica, Vol. 37, No. 3, January 1994, pp. 391-399.
5. Meglis, I.L., Greenfield, R.J., Engelder, T., and Graham, E.K.,
“Pressure dependence of velocity and attenuation and its relationship to crack closure in crystalline rocks,” Journal of Geophysical
Research Atmospheres, Vol. 101, No. B8, Aug. 10, 1996, pp.
17523-17533.
6. Timur, A., “Temperature dependence of compressional and
shear wave velocities in rocks,” Geophysics, Vol. 42, No. 5, August
1977, pp. 950-956.
7. Kern, H., “The effect of high temperature and high confining pressure on compressional wave velocities in quartz-bearing
and quartz-free igneous and metamorphic rocks,” Tectonophysics:
High-Pressure Science and Technology, Vol. 44, No. 1-4, Jan. 10,
1978, pp. 185-203.
8. Kern, H. and Richter, A. “Temperature derivatives of compressional and shear wave velocities in crustal and mantle rocks at
6-kbar confining pressure,” Journal of Geophysics, Vol. 49, 1981,
pp. 47-56.
9. Christensen, N.I., “Compressional wave velocities in rocks at
high temperatures and pressures, critical thermal gradients, and
crustal low-velocity zones,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol.
84, No. B12, Nov. 10, 1979, pp. 6849-6857.
10. Pickett, G.R., “Acoustic character logs and their application
in formation evaluation,” Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 15,
No. 6, June 1963, pp. 429-434.
11. Castagna, J.P., Batzle, M.L., and Eastwood, R. L., “
Relationships between compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities
in clastic silicate rocks,” Geophysics, Vol. 50, No. 4, April 1985,
pp. 571-581.
12. Li, Q., “Velocity regularities of P- and S-waves in formations,” Oil Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 27, No. 1, Jan. 1, 1992,
pp. 1-12.
13. Domenico, S.N., “Rock lithology and porosity determination
from shear and compressional wave velocity,” Geophysics, Vol. 49,
No. 8, August 1984, pp. 1188-1195.
14. Wilkens, R., Simmons, G., and Caruso, L., “The ratio Vp/
Vs as a discriminant of composition for siliceous limestones,” Geophysics, Vol. 49, No. 11, November 1983, pp. 1850-1860.
