The polyamide 12 VESTAMID® NRG is specifically developed for (energy-) efficient oil & gas
pipelines. These polyamides have extraordinary
resistance to mechanical stresses, stress fracturing, and chemicals such as crude oil.
It has been the material of choice for more than
1.000 km of unbonded flexible pipes.
The versatile, reliable, and safe VESTAMID® NRG
enables you to reach and developed untapped oil
resources.
www.vestamid.com
Applications:
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Reach and develop
untapped resources!
With pipelines made with VESTAMID® NRG
if your end-of-run temperature was constrained by the feed
heater and the reactors were operating in the flat temperature
profile, you could switch over to ascending temperature profile to get more wraparound heat in the front of the reactor
in order to run the reactor hotter to extend the cycle life. If
you are already operating the unit at the end-of-run temperature and want to extend the run cycle, then consider diverting
some of the difficult feed to other units, or even reducing the
feed rate to still be able to meet the product specification.
Another way to look at this is to relax the product qualities specification. For instance, for the ULSD unit, you might
consider increasing your sulfur specification in diesel product and then rebalancing the refinery’s overall sulfur specification by looking at other ULSD producers and allowing
them to run a more severe operation and produce a diesel
product lower in sulfur.
Overall, there are many options that can be considered.
The best solutions could be different for every refinery and
each particular situation, depending on the refinery configuration, capability, and economics.
We have used metal dispersant chemical when we had
high delta-P (pressure differential) at end-of-run conditions in
our hydrocracker. It is very expensive in some of our units, but
it will help you get to the turnaround. So that is just one other
option to consider that is not listed on the slide.
before you reach the catalyst cycle life, you could minimize
unused catalyst activity by processing more barrels of difficult
feed; for example, processing more light cycle oil or coker gas
oil to allow for the utilization of additional catalyst activity
with more difficult feed. This type of feed may also create a
higher deactivation rate, thereby allowing you to reach end-of-run faster.
Another way is to look at increasing the distillation endpoint of your feed, which will allow you to upgrade the lower value of feed to a higher value product and increase the
profitability of the unit. This is particularly applicable for an
ultralow-sulfur diesel (ULSD) unit based on the feed type.
For the FCC pretreating unit, you can consider processing more barrels of feed containing higher metal contaminants since the higher metal contaminants will poison the
catalyst and then cause more catalyst deactivation while
utilizing the activity. Also, you can consider changing the
operating mode of the FCC pretreating unit by changing
from hydrodesulfurization to hydrodearomatic [and then] to
a maximum aromatic saturation mode, improving the feed
quality to the FCC unit, which leads to yield improvement.
For instance, where there is not sufficient activity left to
meet the projected turnaround schedule, several options exist to extend the catalyst cycle life. These options may have
economic penalties that need to be weighed against the cost
of changing the turnaround date. For a hydrotreating unit,
